<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">versus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Versus</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Versus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3679</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт экономической политики имени Е.Т. Гайдара</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58186/2782-3660-2023-3-4-6-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">versus-100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ CINEMA STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODOLOGY OF MODERN CINEMA STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поэтика и политика  американского метакинематографа  1990-х годов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Poetics and Politics of American Metacinema in the 1990s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапова</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapova</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpotapova012@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University — Higher School of Economics (HSE University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Потапова В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Потапова В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Potapova V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://versus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/100">https://versus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/100</self-uri><abstract><p>Зрителю свойственно принимать вымышленный мир фильма за реальный и испытывать эмоциональное погружение в диегезис. Этому эффекту противодействует метакинематограф, обличающий постановочность действия на экране. Если раньше метафильмы отождествлялись с частными случаями экспериментального кино, протестующего против традиционного, то начиная с 1990-х саморефлексивные приемы распространяются в Голливуде и изнутри исследуют собственные механизмы манипулирования зрителем. Почему именно в это время проявляется потребность популярной культуры в самоосмыслении и самокритике? В статье делается предположение, что причины этого лежат в социально-политических изменениях американской культуры, концептуализацию которых предлагает американский теоретик культуры Филип Уэгнер. Следуя его идее «позднего постмодернизма», популярная культура 1990-х годов характеризуется высвобождением «радикальной политической энергии», возникающей вследствие неопределенности исторического момента после завершения холодной войны. В такой парадигме рост популярности метакино — результат поиска стратегий борьбы с капиталистическим миропорядком. Посредством отстранения оно способствует критическому восприятию реальности и побуждает зрителей к политическому действию. В статье намечается история политических интерпретаций метакинематографа и анализируются черты поэтики «позднего постмодернизма» на примере кинематографических аллегорий, метафильмов Квентина Тарантино, Дэвида Линча, Спайка Джонза и Чарли Кауфмана, кинофраншизы «Крик», а также фильмов о киноиндустрии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>While engaging with traditional cinema, viewers typically immerse themselves in the film’s fictional world, accepting it as real and emotionally investing in the diegesis. This effect is challenged by metacinema, which exposes the fictionality of on-screen action. Initially, metafilms were perceived as experimental deviations from the norm. However, since the 1990s, self-reflexive techniques have proliferated in Hollywood, exploring mechanisms to manipulate viewers from within. Why does this period trigger popular culture’s inclination for self-reflection and self-criticism? This study proposes that the reasons are linked to the socio-political transformations of US culture, as conceptualized by cultural theorist Philip Wegner. His notion of ‘late’ postmodernism posits that the culture of the 1990s signifies the release of ‘radical political energy’ stemming from the uncertainty of the historical moment after the end of the Cold War. In this context, metacinema gains popularity as a strategy to challenge the capitalist world order. Its alienation effect stimulates critical perception of reality, urging viewers to take political action. The article traces the history of political interpretations of metacinema and conceptualizes the poetics of ‘late’ postmodernism by analyzing metafilms from Quentin Tarantino, David Lynch, Spike Jonze, and Charlie Kaufman, the film franchise “Scream,” as well as cinematic allegories and movies centered on filmmaking.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метакинематограф</kwd><kwd>Филип Уэгнер</kwd><kwd>постмодернизм</kwd><kwd>американская культура 1990-х</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metacinema</kwd><kwd>Philip Wegner</kwd><kwd>postmodernism</kwd><kwd>American culture of the 1990s</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Деррида Ж. Призраки Маркса. Государство долга, работа скорби и новый интернационал. М.: Logos altera; Ессе homo, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abel L. Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form, New York, Hill and Wang, 1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джеймисон Ф. Модернизм как идеология//Неприкосновенный запас. 2014. № 98 (6). С. 3–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ames C. Movies About the Movies: Hollywood Reflected, Lexington, The University Press of Kentucky, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джеймисон Ф. Постмодернизм, или Культурная логика позднего капитализма. М.: Издательство Института Гайдара, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baudry J.L., Williams A. Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus. Film Quarterly, 1974, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 39–47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кувер Р. Конец книг//Pollen Fanzine. 2017. URL: https://pollen-press.ru/2017/07/24/the-end-of-books-pp24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boillat A. Cinema as a Worldbuilding Machine in the Digital Era: Essay on Multiverse Films and TV Series, Bloomington, John Libbey Publishing, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малви Л. Визуальное удовольствие и нарративный кинематограф//Антология гендерной теории/Под ред. Е. Гаповой, А. Усмановой. Минск: Пропилеи, 2000. С. 280‒296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bordwell D. The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркузе Г. Одномерный человек. М.: REFL-book, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carter C. Metafilm: Materialist Rhetoric and Reflexive Cinema, Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлов А. Постпостмодернизм: как социальная и культурная теории объясняют наше время. М.: Издательский дом «Дело» РАНХиГС, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinita F. Metacinema as Authorial Enunciation: A Taxonomy of Hybrid Films. La Furia Umana, 2021, vol. 41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фукуяма Ф. Конец истории и последний человек. М.: АСТ, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohan S. Hollywood by Hollywood: The Backstudio Picture and the Mystique of Making Movies. New York, Oxford University Press, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abel L. Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form. N.Y.: Hill and Wang, 1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coover R. Konets knig [The End of Books]. Pollen Fanzine, 2017. URL: https://pollen-press.ru/2017/07/24/the-end-of-books-pp24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ames C. Movies About the Movies: Hollywood Reflected. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derrida J. Prizraki Marksa. Gosudarstvo dolga, rabota skorbi i novyi internatsional [Spectres de Marx: L`État de la dette, le travail du deuil et la nouvelle Internationale], Мoscow, Logos altera, Ессе homo, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baudry J.L., Williams A. Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus//Film Quarterly. 1974. Vol. 28. № 2. P. 39–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukuyama F. Konets istorii i poslednii chelovek [The End of History and the Last Man], Moscow, AST, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boillat A. Cinema as a Worldbuilding Machine in the Digital Era: Essay on Multiverse Films and TV Series. Bloomington: John Libbey Publishing, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall S. Cultural Identity and Cinematic Representation. The Journal of Cinema and Media, 1989, vol. 36, pp. 68‒81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bordwell D. The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall S. Spectacle of the ‘Other’. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (ed. S. Hall), London, SAGE, Open University, 2003, pp. 257‒258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carter C. Metafilm: Materialist Rhetoric and Reflexive Cinema. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hooks b. Reel to Real. Race, Sex and Class at the Movies, New York, London, Routledge, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chinita F. Metacinema as Authorial Enunciation: A Taxonomy of Hybrid Films//La Furia Umana. 2021. Vol. 41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutcheon L. A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction, New York, London, Routledge, 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohan S. Hollywood by Hollywood: The Backstudio Picture and the Mystique of Making Movies. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutcheon L. Narcissistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox, Ontario, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall S. Cultural Identity and Cinematic Representation//The Journal of Cinema and Media. 1989. Vol. 36. P. 68‒81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutcheon L. The Politics of Postmodernism, New York, London, Routledge, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall S. Spectacle of the ‘Other’//Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices/S. Hall (ed.). L.: SAGE; Open University, 2003. P. 257‒258. hooks b. Reel to Real. Race, Sex and Class at the Movies. N.Y.; L.: Routledge, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson K. Technology, Monstrosity, and Reproduction in Twenty-First Century Horror, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutcheon L. A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. N.Y.; L.: Routledge, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jagoe E.-L. Depersonalized Intimacy: The Cases of Sherry Turkle and Spike Jonze. ESC: English Studies in Canada, 2016, vol. 42, no. 1–2, pp. 155‒173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutcheon L. Narcissistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jameson F. Antinomies of Realism, London, Verso, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutcheon L. The Politics of Postmodernism. N.Y.; L.: Routledge, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jameson F. Modernizm kak ideologiya [A Singular Modernity: Essay on the Ontology of the Present]. Neprikosnovennyi zapas [Untouchable reserve], 2014, no. 98 (6), p. 3–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson K. Technology, Monstrosity, and Reproduction in Twenty-First Century Horror. N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jameson F. Postmodernizm, ili Kul’turnaya logika pozdnego kapitalizma [Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism], Moscow, Gaidar Institute Press, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jagoe E.-L. Depersonalized Intimacy: The Cases of Sherry Turkle and Spike Jonze//ESC: English Studies in Canada. 2016. Vol. 42. № 1‒2. P. 155‒173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavanagh T.M. Godard’s Revolution: The Politics of Meta-Cinema. Diacritics, 1973, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 49–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jameson F. Antinomies of Realism. L.: Verso, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcuse H. Odnomernyi chelovek [Der eindimensionale Mensch], Moscow, REFL-book, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavanagh T.M. Godard’s Revolution: The Politics of Meta-Cinema//Diacritics. 1973. Vol. 3. №2. P. 49–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metacinema: The Form and Content of Filmic Reference and Reflexivity (ed. D. LaRocca), New York, Oxford University Press, 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metacinema: The Form and Content of Filmic Reference and Reflexivity/D. LaRocca (ed.). N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metareference Across Discourses and Media: Theory and Case Studies (eds W. Wolf et al.), Amsterdam, Rodopi, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metareference Across Discourses and Media: Theory and Case Studies/W. Wolf et al. (eds). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metz C. Impersonal Enunciation, or the Place of Film, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metz C. Impersonal Enunciation, or the Place of Film. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mulvey L. Vizual’noe udovol’stvie i narrativnyi kinematograf [Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema]. Antologiya gendernoi teorii [Anthology of Gender Theory] (comp. E. Gapova, A. Usanova), Minsk, Propilei, 2000, pp. 280–296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nama A. Race on the QT: Blackness and the Films of Quentin Tarantino. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. P. 129–134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nama A. Race on the QT: Blackness and the Films of Quentin Tarantino, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2015, pp. 129–134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panek E. The Poet and the Detective: Defining the Psychological Puzzle Film//Film Criticism. 2006. Vol. 31. №1/2. P. 62‒88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panek E. The Poet and the Detective: Defining the Psychological Puzzle Film. Film Criticism, 2006, vol. 31, no. 1/2, pp. 62‒88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perkins C. The Scre4m Trilogy//Film Trilogies: New Critical Approaches/C. Perkins, K. Verevis (eds). N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlov A.V. Postpostmodernizm: kak sotsial’naya i kul’turnaya teorii ob’yasnyayut nashe vremya [Post-Postmodernism: How Social and Cultural Theories Explain Our Time], Moscow, ID “Delo” RANKhiGS, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roche D. Meta in Film and Television Series. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perkins C. The Scre4m Trilogy. Film Trilogies: New Critical Approaches (eds C. Perkins, K. Verevis), New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Roche D. Meta in Film and Television Series, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roche D. Quentin Tarantino: Poetics and Politics of Cinematic Metafiction. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roche D. Quentin Tarantino: Poetics and Politics of Cinematic Metafiction, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roche D. The Death of the Subject in David Lynch’s Lost Highway and Mulholland Drive//Revue d’etudes anglophones. 2004. Vol. 2. №2. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/erea/432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roche D. The Death of the Subject in David Lynch’s Lost Highway and Mulholland Drive. Revue d’etudes anglophones, 2004, vol. 2, no. 2. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/erea/432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlick Y. Metafiction. N.Y.; L.: Routledge, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlick Y. Metafiction, New York, London, Routledge, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider S.J. Kevin Williamson and the Rise of the Neo-Stalker//Post Script. 2000. Vol. 19. №2. P. 73‒87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneider S.J. Kevin Williamson and the Rise of the Neo-Stalker. Post Script, 2000, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 73‒87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siska W.C. Metacinema: A Modern Necessity//Literature/Film Quarterly. 1979. Vol. 7. №4. P. 285‒289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siska W.C. Metacinema: A Modern Necessity. Literature/Film Quarterly, 1979, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 285‒289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuckey G. Metacinema in Contemporary Chinese Film. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuckey G. Metacinema in Contemporary Chinese Film, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toth J. Truth and Metafiction: Plasticity and Renewal in American Narrative. L.: Bloomsbury, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toth J. Truth and Metafiction: Plasticity and Renewal in American Narrative, London, Bloomsbury, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vierling D.L. Bergman’s Persona: The Metaphysics of Meta-Cinema//Diacritics. 1974. Vol. 4. №2. P. 48–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vierling D.L. Bergman’s Persona: The Metaphysics of Meta-Cinema. Diacritics, 1974, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 48–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waugh P. Metafiction: The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction. N.Y.; L.: Routledge, 1984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waugh P. Metafiction: The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction, New York, London, Routledge, 1984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wegner P. Life Between Two Deaths, 1989‒2001: U.S. Culture in the Long Nineties. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wegner P. Life Between Two Deaths, 1989‒2001: U.S. Culture in the Long Nineties, Durham, Duke University Press, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkins K. “You Can Be John Malkovich”: Celebrity, Absurdity, and Convention in Being John Malkovich//ReFocus: The Films of Spike Jonze/K. Wilkins, W. Moss-Wellington (eds). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkins K. “You Can Be John Malkovich”: Celebrity, Absurdity, and Convention in Being John Malkovich. ReFocus: The Films of Spike Jonze (eds K. Wilkins, W. Moss-Wellington), Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yacavone D. Reflexive Cinema: Rethinking Self-Awareness, Affect and Intermediality in the Moving Image. N.Y.: Oxford University Press (forthcoming)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yacavone D. Reflexive Cinema: Rethinking Self-Awareness, Affect and Intermediality in the Moving Image, New York, Oxford University Press (forthcoming)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
